单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,Adverbial Clauses,（状语从句）,Adverbial Clauses（状语从句）,1.Adverbial Clauses of Time:,（时间状语从句）,Different Kinds of Adverbial Clauses:,2.Adverbial Clauses of Reason(,原因状语从句）,3.Adverbial Clauses of Conditions(,条件状语从句）,4.Adverbial Clauses of Place(,地点状语从句）,5.Adverbial Clauses of Purpose(,目的状语从句）,6.Adverbial Clauses of Result,（结果状语从句）,7.Adverbial Clauses of Comparison,（比较）,8.Adverbial Clauses of Concession(,让步）,9.Adverb Clauses of Manner(,方式状语从句,),1.Adverbial Clauses of Tim,I.,时间状语从句,:,when,while,as,after,before,since,until/till,as soon as,hardly/scarcelywhen,no soonerthan,every time,each time,the moment,the minute,the second,by the time,immediately.,I.时间状语从句:,when/while/as,When+(1),延续性动词，表示段时间,e.g.,When,I was young,I liked dancing.,(2),瞬间性动词，表示点时间,(,不能用,while,）,e.g.It was snowing,when,we got to the airport,(3),表示“这时”“正在这时候”,e.g.I was walking on the street,when,suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder.,(4),主从句动作先后发生,(,不能用,while,）,e.g.,When,I got to the cinema,the film had already begun.,when/while/asWhen+(1)延续性动词，,While+(1),延续性动词,e.g.1.,While,I,slept,a thief broke in.,2.She fell asleep,while,she was reading the newspaper.,(2),表示两种情况对比，“然而”“而”,e.g.They were surprised that a child should work out the problem,while,they themselves couldnt.,(3),表示“趁着,时候”,(,强调主从句动作同时发生,).,e.g.Strike,while,the iron is hot.,While+(1)延续性动词,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,As,侧重主从句动作同时发生，常译为,“一边,一边,.”,e.g.The students took notes,as,they listened.,“,随着”,e.g.,As,time goes by,we have gained more and more knowledge.,注意,若主句谓语是短暂性动作，从句用延续性动词的进行时,态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，三者可以互换！,When/While/As,we were having an English class,a,stranger broke in.,LOREM IPSUM DOLORAs 侧重主从句动作同时,Practice,_ l,was walking,down the street,，,I saw some policemen,_they,heard,the news,，,they were surprised,They shouted slogans _they passed the square.,When/While/As,When,as,Practice_ l was,when,while,as,的用法区别,只有当从句表示的是段时间，即其谓语动词有持续性特征时，这三者可以通用互换。,eg.I got the news on the radio,when/while/as,I was having breakfast.,我在吃早饭的时候从收音机里获悉这一消息。,when,while,as的用法区别,在下列情况下，三者彼此之间不能替换使用：,a,as,更强调同一时间或紧接的一前一后或伴随着的变化。,eg.,As,he grew older,he became less and less active.,随着他年龄的增长，他变得越来越不活泼了,在下列情况下，三者彼此之间不能替换使用：,b,when,更强调特定时间，还可表示从句中的动作先于或后于主句的动作。,eg.,When,I had given Mary the spare ticket,I found my own already gone.,（从句动作发生在主句之前，注意主从句的时态）,When,I finally got there,the meeting had been on for ten minutes.,（从句动作发生在主句之后，注意时态）,bwhen更强调特定时间，还可表示从句中的动作先于或后于主,c,while,从句只能表示延续的动作或状态或主从句中动作的对比。,eg.She thought I was talking about her daughter,while,in fact,I was talking about my daughter.,她以为我在谈论她女儿，而事实上，我在谈论我的女儿。,cwhile从句只能表示延续的动作或状态或主从句中动作的对,d,若表示两个短促动作几乎同时发生时，用,as,场合多于,when,。,eg.,As,he finished his speech,the audience burst into applause.,他结束演讲时，观众爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。,d若表示两个短促动作几乎同时发生时，用 as场合多于wh,before,before表示在一段时间之前。,eg.I must finish all the work,before,I,go home.,回家之前我必须干完所有的活。,before 从句往往带有否定的含义。,eg.Take it down,before,you forget it.,趁着还没忘记的时候就记录下来。,before,after,after,表示在一段时间之后。,eg.Lets play football,after,school.,放学后我们踢足球吧。,The sun came out soon,after,the storm stopped.,暴风雨过后不久，太阳出来了。,after after表示在一段时间之后。,注：,before,和,after,引导的状语从句，主从句发生的动作先后顺序很明确，因此,after,从句中的谓语动词常常使用一般过去时来代替过去完成时。,After,he(had)finished his homework,Tom began to play computer games.,注：before和after引导的状语从句，主从句发生的动作,Since,注意,since,引导的时间状语从句，主句常用完成时，从句常用一般过去时。,He,has written,to me frequently,since,he,was,ill.,句型,It is/has been+,一段时间,+since,，如果从句是延续性动词，,用一般过去时和现在完成时不同。,It is/has been,two years,since,he,was,in the army.,(,反向翻译）,他离开军队两年了。,It is/has been,two years,since,he has been in the army.,他当兵两年了。,Since 注意,1.-Since when _the country,_ open to international trade?,-1978,I suppose.,2._ 5 years _ he,graduated from college.,_ 2 years _ he smoked.,has,been,It is,since,It is,since,has beenIt is since It is si,关连词组,hardly/scarcelywhen,no soonerthan,as soon as,三种句子结构表示“一,就,”,。,注意：,时态,as soon as,以一般时态代替将来时态,no sooner,（一旦,.,立即,.),hardly,scarcely(,几乎不）后的句子用过去完成时，,than/when,后的句子用一般过去时。,倒装,当,hardly,或,no sooner,位于句首时，要倒装。,关连词组,我一到达上海就给你打电话。,时态要求：,改错,:I hardly got home when it began to rain,时态要求：,I will call you as soon as I arrive in Shanghai.,had,以一般现在时代替将来时,主句用,had done,从句用,did,no sooner.than,hardly.when,scarcely.when,我一到达上海就给你打电话。I will call you a,He had hardly arrived,when,it began to snow,Hardly _,when,it began to snow,We had hardly walked into the hall,when,the lecture started,Hardly _ walked into the hall,when,the lecture started,_,she,gone to sleep,than,the telephone rang once more,_,the boy,reached the door,than,he came back,had he arrived,had we,No sooner had,No sooner had,倒装,He had hardly arrived when it,until/till,until/till,“,直到,止”,(,肯定句，主句是延续性动词,);,I ll wait,until/till,the concert is over.,(till,不能放在句首，但是,until,了的位置不受限制,),notuntil,“,直到,才”,he,didn