,*,/45,*,/45,*,/45,*,/45,*,/45,*,/45,*,/45,1,/45,*,/45,*,/45,*,/45,*,/45,Chapter 1 Amino Acids to Proteins,1.1 Protein Composition,1.2 Protein Conformations,1.3 Protein Structure and,Function:A Few Examples,1.4 The Dynamics of Proteins,1.5 Experiments,1.1,蛋白质的组成,1.2,蛋白质的构象,1.3,蛋白质的结构与,功能：几个例子,1.4,蛋白质动力学,1.5,实验研究,Chapter 1 Amino Acids to Prot,Chapter 1 Amino Acids to Proteins,第,1,章 氨基酸到蛋白质,Life is most directly the work of proteins.Proteins allow organisms to,grow,and,reproduce,.They provide,shape,strength,and,movement,.,In the cell,proteins are everywhere and do almost everything.,生命几乎就是蛋白质的杰作。蛋白质让生物可以生长和繁殖。它们为生物提供了外形和力量，以及运动功能。,在细胞中，蛋白质无处不在，行使着几乎任何功能。,Chapter 1 Amino Acids to Prot,1.1 Protein Composition,/,蛋白质的组成,1.1 Protein Composition/蛋白质,9,6,2,3,The twenty amino acids and their abbreviation,9623The twenty amino acids and,Structures of hydrophobic amino acids,Structures of hydrophobic amin,Structures of the hydrophilic amino acids,Structures of the hydrophilic,Structures of the 20 common amino acids,Negative charge,Positive charge,Structures of the 20 common am,The formation of a peptide bond,The formation of a peptide bon,Partial double bond,/,部分双键,Partial double bond,Partial double bond /部分双键Pa,Rigid and flexible bonds,3D structure,Rigid and flexible bonds3D str,N-terminus and C-terminus /,N-,末端和,C-,末端,N-terminus and C-terminus /,1.2 Protein Conformations,/1.2,蛋白质的构象,1.2.1 Describing Protein,Structure,1.2.2 Chemical and,Physical Basis,for Protein Folding,1.2.1,描述蛋白质,的结构,1.2.2,蛋白质折叠的,化学和物理基础,1.2 Protein Conformations/1,1.2.1 Describing Protein Structure,1.2.1 Describing Protein Stru,helix,/,螺旋,Hydrogen bond,helix /螺旋Hydrogen bond,sheet,/,折叠,Hydrogen bond,sheet /折叠Hydrogen bond,Parallel and antiparallel sheets,Parallel and antiparallel sh,Tertiary structure,/,三级结构,helix,sheet,Turn,Tertiary structure /三级结构he,Quaternary structure,/,四级结构,One subunit,Quaternary structure /四级结构O,Physical interactions involved in protein folding,1)Covalent bonding,2)Hydrogen bonding,3)Ionic bonding,4)Van der Waals forces,5)Hydrophobic interaction,1.2.2 Chemical and Physical Basis,for Protein Folding,Physical interactions involved,1)Covalent bond,/,共价键,Shared,electrons,H,H,H,+1,H,+1,+1,+1,Covalent bond,1)Covalent bond /共价键Share,Covalent bond,/,共价键,Covalent bond,Covalent bond /共价键Covalent,Covalent bond,/,共价键,Covalent bond,Covalent bond /共价键Covalent,2)Hydrogen bond,/,氢键,Hydrogen bond,2)Hydrogen bond /氢键Hydrog,Hydrogen bond,/,氢键,Hydrogen bond,Hydrogen bond /氢键Hydrogen b,3)Ionic bond,/,离子键,The ionic bond of sodium chloride,NaCl,Na,+11,Cl,+17,3)Ionic bond /离子键The ioni,Partial charges,vs.,Full charges,Cl,+,+,Na,Partial charges vs.Full charg,Ionic bond,/,离子键,Glu,Lys,Ionic bond /离子键GluLys,4)Van der Waals forces,/,范德华力,Atom 1,Atom 2,van der Waals force,4)Van der Waals forces /范,5)Hydrophobic interaction,?,5)Hydrophobic interaction?,Nonpolar molecules are,forced,together,Water molecules get contacts with each other.,Nonpolar molecules are forced,Hydrophobic interaction,/,疏水相互作用,Hydrophobic interaction /疏水,1.3 Protein Structure and,Function,carbonic anhydrase,Structure adaptive to function,1.3 Protein Structure and Fun,Kinesin,/,驱动蛋白,Kinesin /驱动蛋白,1.4 The Dynamics of Proteins,1.4 The Dynamics of Proteins,Induced-fit vs.lock-and-key models,Induced-fit vs.lock-and-key m,ATP synthetase/,ATP,合成酶,ATP synthetase/ATP合成酶,Allosteric regulation,/,别构调节,Allosteric regulation/别构调节,lac,repressor,/,lac,阻遏蛋白,lac repressor /lac阻遏蛋白,1.5 Experiments,/,1.5 实验研究,dialyse,dialysis,Primary structure,Secondary structure,Tertiary structure,Quaternary,structure,1.5 Experiments/1.5 实验研究d,