单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2015/5/10,#,Scotland,钟,文,清、马彦云、王睿中,1,2,3,4,5,Geographical location,History,Culture,and customs,Independence,Natural conditions and Tourism,Index,Geographic,al location,Scotland,ispartof theUnited Kingdomand covers the northern third of the island ofGreat Britain,.,It shares a border withEnglandto the south,and is otherwise surrounded by the,Atlantic,Ocean,with theNorth Seato the east and theNorth Channeland,Irish Sea,to the south-west.,属于英国领土，位于,欧洲西部、不列颠岛北部，南接英格兰，东濒北海，东北与西北分别与挪威、丹麦、冰岛隔海相望，西临大西洋。,History,The 5th century,the northern Irish Gaelic(Celtic one)to immigrate to Scotland,in Argyll and the bit where Ada County area to establish the Kingdom of Darfur.Since then eastward expansion into Arthur Ersen Lin and Erne Valley,north to expand into the Elgin area.843 Ada,dar li Macalpin concurrently Pickett King of the Kingdom of the King,the establishment of Alba(Alba)kingdom,King Kenneth I,No.(King Kenneth I MacAlpin).Since then,the Kingdom of Scotland after Dunkeld,Canmore dynasty Barriol Dynasty,England occupation,Bruce Stuart dynasty,and ruled until 1707 with the Kingdom of England ceased to exist after the merger of the United Kingdom.,History,1史前时代与罗马帝国,2苏格兰王国,2.1建立,2.2英格兰影响,2.3第一次独立战斗,2.4其次次独立战斗,2.5斯图亚特王朝,2.6玛丽一世,2.7与英格兰王国的合并,3大英帝国时期,4二十世纪,5二十一世纪,1 Prehistory and the Roman Empire,2 Kingdom of Scotland,2.1,Establish,2.2,England,Influence,2.3,First War of Independence,2.4,second war of,independence,2.5,Stuart,2.6,Mary I,2.7,merged with the Kingdom of England,3 of the British Empire,4 of the twentieth century,5 twenty-first century,Culture and,customs,盖尔语,加拿大苏格兰盖尔语，也被称作布雷顿角岛盖尔语，当地人将之简称为盖尔语Gaelic或者The Gaelic。作为苏格兰盖尔语的一种方言，加拿大苏格兰盖尔语已经在远离大陆的新斯科舍省的布雷顿角岛上存在了超越200年。除了新斯科舍，在加拿大的新不伦瑞克，爱德华王子岛上也有少量社区使用。同时在安大概多伦多的盖尔移民社区也有少量人口讲这种语言。19世纪中期，加拿大盖尔语到达巅峰。这种语言连同它的近亲爱尔兰盖尔语一起成为加拿大的第三大语言，仅排在英语和法语之后。之后苏格兰盖尔语快速衰落，近年来已经近乎绝迹。,Scottish Gaelic,sometimes also referred to as Gaelic(Gidhlig kalik(listen),is a Celtic language native to Scotland.A member of the Goidelic branch of the Celtic languages,Scottish Gaelic,like Modern Irish and Manx,developed out of Middle Irish,and thus is ultimately descended from Old Irish.,Culture and,customs,苏格兰风笛Scottish Bagpipe,The bagpipe is the national instrument of Scotland and is best represented in the music of the Scottish Highlands.Highland pipers on the other hand,appear to have been more strongly influenced by their Celtic background and occupied a high and honouredposition.,风笛是苏格兰的民族乐器，并最能代表苏格兰高地风俗。另一方面，风笛似乎受到凯尔特人背景的猛烈影响，并有举足轻重的地位。,Culture and,customs,威士忌,Whisky is in its most basic sense,a spirit that is distilled from grain.It is aged for long periods of time in wooden barrels.This barrel-aging smoothes the rough palate of the raw spirit and adds aromatic,all of which set whiskies apart from white grain spirits,which are distilled closer to neutrality in taste and then generally not aged in wood.,The basis of Scotch whisky is the heather-flavored ales made from barley malt that the Picts and their prehistoric ancestors brewed.Archeologists have found evidence of such brewing dating back to at least 2023 B.C.This ale(which is still produced today by at least one Scottish microbrewer)was low in alcohol and not very stable.,The local Picts found that they could create a stable alcoholic beverage by distilling their heather ale.Simple stills came to be found in most rural homesteads,and homemade whisky became an integral part of Gaelic culture.,Culture and,customs,威士忌从最根本的意义上说，是谷物在木桶中长时间发酵而得的精神与灵魂。这种桶，老化、平滑的原始精神粗糙了口感，并增加了芳香。,苏格兰威士忌的根底是从皮克特和他们的史前祖先酿造的大麦麦芽制成的石南味的啤酒。考古学家已经觉察了这种啤酒这样酝酿的历史要追溯到公元前2023年左右。这种方式沿用至今这种酒酒精浓度低、并且不太稳定。,当地的皮克特人觉察他们可以通过发酵他们自己种植的一种谷物来制造一种稳定的酒精饮料。大多数农村宅基地的人都觉察了这种材料，而自制的威士忌成为盖尔文化的一个组成局部。,Natural,conditions and Touri,sm,Edinburgh,is,thecapital cityofScotland,located inLothianon the southern shore of theFirth of Forth.,1,Edinburgh,Edinburgh,Edinburgh,Edinburgh,Natural,conditions and Touri,sm,Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland,and the third largest in the United Kingdom.It is situated on the River Clyde in the country”s West Central Lowlands.Inhabitants of the city are referred to as Glaswegians.,2,Glasgow,Glasgow,Glasgow,Natural,conditions and Touri,sm,Scottish Highlands The Scottish Gaelic name of A”Ghidhealtachd literally means“the place of the Gaels“and traditionally.,3,Scottish Highlands,Scottish Highlands,Scottish Highlands,Independen,ce,Scottish,Independence,Referendum,Independenc,e,referendum,In March 21,2023,the British,government of Scotlandchief,ministerSalmond announced,Scotland willhold a,referendum on independence,in September 18,2023,to,decide whether Scotland”s,independence from Britain.,2023年3月21日，英国苏格兰政府首席部长萨蒙德宣布，苏格兰将于2023年9月18日进展独立公投，以打算苏格兰是否脱离英国独立.,Independenc,e,referendum,The BBC website announced the final result of the referendum at 06:24 on 19 September 2023,whereby the“No”vote prevailed with 55%(2,001,926)of the votes.At the same time,the Britishgovernment of Scotlandchief ministerSalmond announced the resignatio