,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。,Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,局部血液循环障碍,局部血液循环障碍,概 述,1,正常的血液循环和体液内环境是保证组织细胞健全的必要条件。,血液供应紊乱或体液平衡障碍都可导致组织器官的充血、出血以及血栓形成、栓塞、甚至梗死，是人类死亡的重要原因。,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。,Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,概 述1 正常的血液循环和体液内环境是保证组织细胞健全的必,2,实验内容,1,2,3,4,实验目的与原理,实验材料,实验方法,注意事项,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。,Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,实验内容1234实验目的与原理实验材料实验方法注意事项细心观,3,第一节 充血,一,.,动脉性充血,器官或组织因,动脉,输入血量的增多而发生的血管内血液含量增多的状态，简称,充血（,hyperemia,）,。,特点：,主动过程,、发生快、易于消退。,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。,Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,第一节 充血一.动脉性充血 器官或组织因动脉输入血量的增多,4,一、动脉性充血,原因及类型,1.,生理性充血,为适应器官和组织生理需要和代谢增强需要而发生的充血。,2.,病理性充血,减压后充血,：长期受压的器官或组织，当压力突然解除时，细动脉发生反射性扩张。,炎性充血,：由于致炎因子或炎症介质引起的细动脉扩张。,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。,Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,一、动脉性充血原因及类型1.生理性充血 为适应器官和组织,5,一、动脉性充血,病理变化,肉眼,器官、组织体积稍增大，颜色鲜红，局部温度升高。,光镜,局部细动脉及毛细血管扩张充血。,后果,短暂反应，一般恢复正常。少数出现血管破裂。,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。,Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,一、动脉性充血病理变化肉眼器官、组织体积稍增大，颜色鲜红，,6,一、动脉性充血,眼结膜充血,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。,Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,一、动脉性充血 眼结膜充血细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。C,7,第一节 充血,二,.,静脉性充血,器官或局部组织静脉回流受阻，血液淤积在小静脉和毛细血管内，简称,淤血,(conges-tion),。,特点：病理性、,被动过程,、发生缓慢、持续时间长。,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。,Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,第一节 充血二.静脉性充血 器官或局部组织静脉回流受阻，血,8,二、静脉性充血,原因,1.,生理状态下的淤血,妊娠子宫压迫髂静脉引起下肢及盆腔淤血，长久站立引起的下肢淤血。,2.,病理状态下的淤血,静脉受压,静脉管腔阻塞,静脉血液坠积,心力衰竭,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。,Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,二、静脉性充血原因1.生理状态下的淤血 妊娠子宫压迫髂静,9,二、静脉性充血,病理变化,肉眼,光镜,体积,颜色,温度,小动脉,毛细血管,小静脉,充血,淤血,增大,暗红,/,青紫,下降,扩张充血,扩张充血,增大,鲜红,升高,扩张充血,扩张充血,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。,Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,二、静脉性充血病理变化肉眼光镜体积颜色温度小动脉毛细血管小,10,后果,淤血,血管,静脉压,毛细血管,通透性,器官,实质细胞,间质细胞,水肿,血浆漏出,出血,血细胞漏出,硬化,纤维,坏死,变性,萎缩,缺氧,营养不良,代谢产物,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。,Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,后果淤血血管 器官 水肿血浆漏出出血血细胞漏出硬化纤维坏,11,二、静脉性充血,重要器官淤血,1.,肺淤血,原因,左心衰竭,病变,肉眼,光镜,临床,缺氧、气促、发绀、粉红色泡沫痰,暗红、实重、切面红色泡沫,肺水肿和出血,肺泡壁毛细血管小静脉扩张,心力衰竭细胞,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。,Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,二、静脉性充血重要器官淤血1.肺淤血原因左心衰竭病变肉眼光,12,二、静脉性充血,肺淤血,粉红色泡沫痰,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。,Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,二、静脉性充血肺淤血粉红色泡沫痰细心观察，认真分析，科学总结,13,二、静脉性充血,肺淤血,正常肺组织,心衰细胞,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。,Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,二、静脉性充血肺淤血正常肺组织心衰细胞细心观察，认真分析，科,14,二、静脉性充血,慢性肺淤血,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。,Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,二、静脉性充血慢性肺淤血细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Car,15,二、静脉性充血,2.,肝淤血,原因,右心衰竭,病变,肉眼,光镜,临床,肝肿大、压痛,暗红、实重、切面隆起（槟榔肝）,中央静脉、肝窦扩张,肝细胞脂变、萎缩、消失,纤维组织增生（淤血性肝硬化）,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。,Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,二、静脉性充血2.肝淤血原因右心衰竭病变肉眼光镜临床肝肿大、,16,二、静脉性充血,肝淤血,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。,Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,二、静脉性充血肝淤血细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Caref,17,Diagram,ThemeGallery,is a Design Digital Content&Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,Title,Add your text,ThemeGallery,is a Design Digital Content&Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。,Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,DiagramThemeGallery is a Desig,18,Cycle Diagram,Text,Text,Text,Text,Text,Cycle name,Add Your Text,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。,Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,Cycle DiagramTextTextTextText,19,Diagram,Text,Text,Text,Add Your,Title Text,Text 1,Text 2,Text 3,Text 4,Text 5,Add Your,Title Text,Text 1,Text 2,Text 3,Text 4,Text 5,Text,Text,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。,Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,DiagramTextTextTextAdd YourAdd,20,Diagram,Concept,Add Your Text,Text,Text,Text,Text,Text,Text,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。,Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,DiagramConceptAdd Your TextTex,21,Diagram,Add Your Text,Add Your Text,Add Your Text,Add Your Text,Add Your Text,Add Your Text,Add Your Text,Add Your Text,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。,Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,DiagramAdd Your TextAdd Your T,22,Diagram,Add Your Title,Add Your Title,Add Your Title,ThemeGallery,is a Design Digital Content&Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,ThemeGallery,is a Design Digital Content&Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,ThemeGallery,is a Design Digital Content&Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。,Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,DiagramAdd Your TitleAdd Your,23,Diagram,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content&Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content&Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,Text,Text,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。,Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,DiagramThemeGallery is a Desig,24,Concept,Concept,concept,Concept,Marketing Diagram,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结