,Copyright 2009LG Electronics/AC Company All Rights Reserved,Multi,V Water II,*,新风系统设计基础,Air Conditioning Academy,CAC SE Gr.Tianjin Academy Part,Tuesday,November 19,2024,.,新风量确定,.,新风负荷计算,.,新风设计,.,新风设备选择,.,新风设备布置,目 录,概述,随着社会发展,新建筑不断出现,对空调要求越来越高,不同建筑可以有不同空调方式,同一种建筑也可以有多种方式,对某些建筑传统的中央空调和家用空调不能适应其需要,为此出现了商用空调,可以一拖多或一拖一(定、变频)商用的、直接蒸发式空调系统。在办公、娱乐等公共场所,商用空调使用越来越普遍,但在具体的工程中,只重视室内空气的温、湿度,不重视室内空气品质,如新鲜度(,CO、CO2浓度)、洁净度(粉尘浓度)。因此,本文将重点分析商用空调系统新风的重要性及新风标准、常见的几种新风引入方式,并提出在设计中较合理的新风方式。,目前许多办公楼、商店、酒楼、茶馆等场所因使用特点,特别适用一拖多(定、变频)或一拖一商用机,但在实际设计、使用中按分体空调考虑,经常不设置新风系统,而在这些场合人员密集,空气污染严重,极大地影响了人们的身体健康,因此不论从实际需要还是从国家规范或设计措施,都强调必须设置新风,以满足最基本的卫生要求,特别是在,“,非典,”,之后,国家特别强调要求保证公共场所的通风和环境卫生安全,不论是在空调季节,还是过度季节。,概述,采用新风的好处:,1.不用开窗也能享受大自然的新鲜空气;,2.避免,“,空调病,”,;,3.稀释人员呼出的co,2,,补充氧气;,4.清除人员散发气味,室内设备、家具、装修等散发的气味。,5.调解室内湿度。,6.有效排出细菌、病毒等。,卫生要求,补充局部排风量,保证空调房间正压,1.新风量确定,确定新风量的依据:卫生要求;补充局部排风量;保持空调房间的,“,正压,”,要求。,一般选择新风量采用以下两种方法:最小新风量;换气次数,。,最小新风量选择时计算公式:,新风量(m3/h)=(建筑面积/单位面积人数)每人每小时最小新风量(m3/人.h),-,1,1.新风量确定,对于一般民用场所和一些工艺性场所,也可以根据换气次数来计算新风量。,计算公式:,新风量,(m3/h)=换气次数房间容积,1.新风量确定,2.新风负荷计算,空调新风负荷的计算,计算公式:,Q,W,=G,W,(i,w,i,n,),式中 Q,w,-新风负荷,kw;G,w,-新风量,kgs;,iw-室外空气焓值,kJ/kg;in-室内空气焓值,kJ/kg。,室内干球温度,24,室内干球温度,25,室内干球温度,26,室内干球温度,28,相对湿度,50%,相对湿度,55%,相对湿度,60%,相对湿度,50%,相对湿度,55%,相对湿度,60%,相对湿度,50%,相对湿度,55%,相对湿度,60%,相对湿度,65%,相对湿度,55%,相对湿度,60%,相对湿度,65%,北京,35.35,32.4,29.96,32.32,29.73,27.1,29.72,26.94,24.14,21.34,21.06,17.9,上海,42.51,40.1,37.71,40.02,37.44,34.87,37.41,34.69,31.96,29.23,28.88,25.8,天津,36.42,34.01,31.62,33.93,31.35,28.78,31.32,28.6,25.87,23.14,22.79,19.71,石家庄,37.61,35.14,37.7,35.06,32.47,29.84,32.46,29.68,26.88,24.08,23.8,20.64,太原,23.69,21.07,18.45,21.07,18.27,15.47,18.34,15.35,12.4,9.39,9.22,5.85,呼和浩特,14.5,11.68,8.83,11.72,8.72,5.71,8.86,5.77,2.44,/,/,/,沈阳,30.49,28.02,25.58,27.94,25.35,27.72,25.34,22.56,19.76,16.96,16.68,13.52,大连,28.9,26.43,23.99,26.35,23.76,21.13,23.75,20.97,18.17,15.37,15.09,11.93,长春,25.97,23.48,20.96,23.4,20.75,18.08,20.74,17.91,15.06,12.21,11.96,8.72,哈尔滨,22.76,20.27,17.75,20.19,17.54,14.87,17.53,14.7,11.85,9,8.75,5.51,全国主要城市夏季,1kg/s新风量的新风负荷值/KW,室内干球温度,24,室内干球温度,25,室内干球温度,26,室内干球温度,28,相对湿度,50%,相对湿度,55%,相对湿度,60%,相对湿度,50%,相对湿度,55%,相对湿度,60%,相对湿度,50%,相对湿度,55%,相对湿度,60%,相对湿度,65%,相对湿度,55%,相对湿度,60%,相对湿度,65%,南京,43.42,41.01,38.62,40.93,38.35,35.78,38.32,35.6,32.87,30.14,30,26.71,杭州,44.75,42.28,39.84,42.2,39.61,36.98,39.6,36.82,34.02,31.22,30.94,27.78,合肥,43.28,40.81,38.37,40.73,38.14,35.51,38.13,35.35,32.55,29.75,29.47,26.31,福州,42.28,39.81,37.37,39.73,37.14,34.51,37.13,34.35,31.55,28.75,28.47,25.31,南昌,41.8,39.33,36.85,39.25,36.66,34.03,36.65,33.87,31.07,28.27,27.99,24.83,济南,36.61,34.14,31.7,34.06,31.47,28.84,31.46,28.68,25.88,23.08,22.8,19.64,郑州,40.42,37.95,35.51,37.87,35.28,32.65,35.27,32.49,29.69,26.89,26.61,23.45,武汉,43.25,40.78,38.34,40.7,38.11,35.48,38.1,35.32,32.52,29.72,29.44,26.28,长沙,37.42,34.95,32.51,34.87,32.28,29.65,32.27,29.49,26.69,23.89,23.61,20.45,广州,43.23,40.76,38.32,40.68,38.09,35.46,38.08,35.3,32.5,29.7,29.42,26.26,海口,41.85,39.38,36.94,39.3,36.71,34.08,36.7,33.92,31.12,28.32,28.04,24.88,南宁,39.33,36.86,34.42,36.78,34.19,31.56,34.18,31.4,28.6,25.8,25.52,22.36,成都,37.71,35.24,32.68,35.19,32.46,29.74,32.51,29.6,26.7,23.77,23.57,20.25,重庆,39.33,36.84,34.32,36.76,34.11,31.44,34.1,31.27,28.42,25.57,25.32,22.08,贵阳,23.93,21.11,18.26,21.15,18.15,15.14,18.29,15.2,11.87,8.66,8.61,4.99,西安,34,31.53,28.97,31.48,28.75,26.03,28.8,25.89,22.99,20.06,19.86,16.54,银川,19.55,16.73,13.88,16.77,13.77,10.76,13.91,10.82,7.79,4.28,4.23,0.61,2.新风负荷计算,3.1新风未处理直接引入室内,由,送风机,将室外新风直接引入室内,废气通过门窗缝隙或者排风机排出室内,这种方式简单、便于控制,在过渡期间也可以通风。但未经处理的新风会造成室内温度冷热不均,温度波动大,舒适性差,,新风负荷由室内机来承担,,造成空调房间的相对湿度偏高,特别是容易在室内送风口产生冷凝水。在一些空调场所也能看到这种新风做法,造成这种现象的主要原因是由非专业的设计安装人员设计、安装,比如某些生产厂家或装修公司承包工程设计安装时,不知是无知还是为省钱,常采用此下策,但专业设计人员不会犯此错误。,3.新风设计,Living Room,Bedroom,bedroom,Dining,Multi V Plus II,Storage,Louver,送风机,Outdoor air,inflow,Clean Air VentilationUnit,3.2新风经普通空调机处理后送入室内,通过新风管将室外新风引入空调机,并与回风混合后,经处理送入室内,,室内机可用吊顶风管机或天花卡式机。,这是一种常用的新风方式,方法简单,新风量有保证,(但空调机为普通型,处理焓差小,并以室内回风工况设计的,对新风处理能力受到限制)。,对商用空调的冷媒直接蒸发式系统而言,空调室内机新风比例最好不要超过15%,,否则会造成室内送风温度无法达到设计要求,而且不利空调冷媒系统的正常运行。,3.新风设计,3.3新风经过新风空调机处理后送入室内,目前市场上生产的多联机厂家一般配套都有新风机的生产,主要都是吊顶风管式,新风量为5002000m3/h,余压为100200Pa。采用专用新风空调机处理新风效果好,控制灵活,在过渡季节也能够方便使用。,windbreak,factory,Storage,storage,Air-cooling Multi Voutdoor unit,Area Air conditioning,Meeting room,Factory,office,Dining hall,lobby,Partial,Air conditioning,Eliminate outside air around window,3.新风设计,3.4新风经全热交换器处理后送入室内,室外新风经全热交换器(ECO-V)进行预冷后,接至室内机或者是直接送入室内。ECO-V是一种能量回收设备,将室内排出的废气中的能量通过热交换元件(具有超强吸水及增湿特性的高效材料)传给吸入的新风,进行全热交换。采用ECO-V全热交换器处理新风不但具有高效节能的优点,而且可利用有组织的排风改善和控制室内的空气品质。根据有关产品的资料介绍,ECO-V全热交换器的热交换效率平均为75%,比常规节能28%,而且减少了整个系统的空调负荷和设备费用,ECO-V运行费用很低(2000m3/h的ECO-V耗电为0.92KW),极大地节省了用户的负担。,全热交换器有多种运行模式,根据空调场合的需要可以正压送风也可以负压送风,并可设定为全热交换模式或旁通通风模式(新风与排气不进行热交换)。在制冷季节,当新风温度低于室内温度时,ECO-V自动由全热交换模式转换为旁通通风模式,使引入的新风不与室内排风进行全热交换,直接引入室外新风,节省室内机负荷,当新风温度高于室内温度时,ECO-V再切换至全热交换模式。在设计使用中应注意以下几点:a.在某些场合如果排风中含有细菌和异味,容易将其传至送风系统中,造成二次污染,此时不可采用ECO-V全热交换器。b.要注意送、回风口不要太靠近,一般的距离大于5m以上,而且不同在方向,以免气流短路,影响新风效果。,3.新风设计,Kitchen,Sales&Biz Facility,Sales&Biz Fac