单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Numerals,数词,数词的定义,数词是表示数目多少或先后顺序的词,包括基数词和序数词。,基数词：,表数量的数词，如 one,two,three,序数词：,表顺序的数词，如 first,second,third,fourth,分数的表达：,one third two fifths a/one quarter,one hundredth(one percent)one ten millionth,dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million,billion用法,1.有基数词或several,a few修饰时,two dozen pencils three score years,several billion years 但 a score of eggs,2.表示概数时，用dozen,thousand,billion的复数，加of,dozens of people scores of times,强调数目众多时，可将tens,hundreds,thousands等连用,tens of thousands of hundreds of thousands of,thousands upon thousands of,3.代词或名词前有冠词、物主代词、指示代词these/those时,two hundred of us a dozen of these/my books,倍数表达,表示倍数时，两倍用twice，三倍以上用“基数词+times。,倍数表达常用句式,A is three times+形容词/副词的比较级+than B.,Li Ming runs,twice faster than,Lily.,A is three,times as+形容词/副词原级+as B.,Our lecture hall is,ten times as big as,our,classroom.,A is three,times the size/length/height of+B.,The new building is,four times the size of,the old one,.,倍数表达的变体,The box is,one-third as big as,that one.,Last year the output value of industry was,30 percent higher than,that of 2003.,We have produced twice,as many cars this year as,we expected.,He earns five times,more money,than he did ten years ago.,Ive paid,five times the usual price,for the stamp.,The price of the meat is now,double/twice what,it was last year.,“许多；很多；大量”的表达,在英语中，表示“许多，很多，大量”含义的单词除了many和much以外，还有许多较常用的词组。,1)只接可数名词复数:,several,(a good/great)many,hundreds of,few,a few,quite a few,not a few,a(large/good/great)number of,numbers of 等。,2)只接不可数名词:,little,a little,quite a little,an amount of,amounts of,a good/great deal of,a large sum of等。,3)既可接可数名词复数也可接不可数名词:,some,any,all,none,enough,plenty of,a lot of,lots of,a(large)quantity of,quantities of,a diversity of,diversities of,a variety of,varieties of,a wealth of等。,主谓一致,主谓一致三原则,1.语法一致的原则。,即主语是单数，谓语为单数；主语若为复数，谓语亦为复数。例如：,He is/They are fond of dancing.,2.意义一致的原则。,根据主语的意义，而不是形式，决定谓语的数。例如：,The teacher and writer,is going to give us a lecture on writing.,那位老师兼作者准备给我们讲讲如何写作。,3.就近一致的原则。,即谓语与靠近的那个主语一致。例如：,Either he or I,am,right.,语法一致,1.不定式短语、动名词短语和从句做主语时，视为单数,That she will come here tomorrow,is certain.,What they want,is nothing but a rest.,2.主语是 either，neither，the other 或主语被 either，neither 修饰时，视为单数,Either of the answers,is correct.,Neither answer,proves to be correct.,3.主语若是单数名词，后面尽管跟有 as well as,with,but,besides,except,together with,including,rather than 等引导的短语，谓语仍用单数。,The teacher,as well as his students,is playing,football.,4.单数的并列主语被 every，each，no，或单数的主语被many a，more than one 修饰时，谓语用单数。,Each teacher and each student,has been told to attend the meeting after school.,More than one student,has passed the driving test.,5.and 连接并列的名词做主语时，谓语一般用复数,Hard work and plain living,are the fine qualities of a person.,若该结构表示一个单一的概念或指同一人、物时，谓语用单数,The maths teacher and class teacher,is strict with us.,Bread and butter,is their daily food.,Hard work and plain living,is a weapon with which we have won one victory after another.,6.某些具有抽象意义的复数名词做主语时。例如：,Things,_ getting worse and worse.,The surroundings,_ usually quiet here.,7.在强调结构中，当被强调部分是主语时，从句中的谓语须与被强调词一致。例如：,It is,I,who _ to answer for her safety.,8.a large quantity of+n.视为单数,large quantities of+n.视为复数,are,are,am,意义一致,1.时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词被看做整体，谓语常用单数,Ten dollars,is what he needs.,Twenty kilometres,isnt a short distance.,Five years,have passed,since I joined the League.,2.“half of，part of，most of，eighty percent of，one third of，the rest of+名词/代词”做主语时,Most of the people,agree with us.,Most of the money,is spent on clothes.,3.单复数同形的名词做主语时,All means,have been tried.,Every means,has been tried.,4.“the number of名词复数”做主语时谓语用单数,“a number of名词复数”做主语时谓语用复数,The number of the students in our school,is larger than that in their school.,A number of people,are against the proposal.,5.当先行词为“one of名词复数”时，定语从句中的谓语动词用复数。例如：,She is one of,the girls,who have passed the exam.,当先行词为“the(only)one of名词复数”时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。例如：,She is,the only one,of the girls who has passed the exam.,就近一致,1.either.or，neither.nor，not only.but also，not.but，or 等连接两个并列的主语时，谓语须与靠近的那一个主语一致。例如：,Either you or I _ wrong.,_ neither you nor he for the plan?,2.在 here is，there is 或其他状语提前的倒装句中，谓语动词的形式也适用邻近原则。例如：,Here _ a pen and two pieces of paper for you.,am,Are,is,集体名词,family，class，group，team，crowd，crew，enemy，committee，population，audience 等集合名词做主语时，若强调整个集体，谓语用单数。例如：,The population of China _ large.,若强调集体中的各个成员，谓语用复数。例如：,Nearly 80%of the population of China _ farmers.,is,are,1.The exercises are extremely difficult,but half of the class _ them ahead of time.,Ahas already finished Bwill finish,Chave already finished DFinishes,2.Three quarters of the forest _ burnt to ashes,and the rest _ cut down for construction.,Awas;has been Bwas;have been,Chave been;is Dare;has been,3.The population of this area _ 100 000.Seventy percent of the population _ natives and the rest _ from China.,Ais;is;is Bare;are;is,Cis;are;are Dare;is;are,4.Soon after feeling the slight shaking,every man,woman and child _ about the earthquake that night.,A.were talki