单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,unit 2 Computer Architecture,一,new words:,1.retrieve v.,检索,2.firmware n.,固件,Since microprocessors have both hardware and software aspects,they are therefore often,refered,to as firmware.,翻译,:,既然微处理器同时具有硬件与软件方面的特征,它们因此经常,被称作固件,.,3.light pen,光笔,A light pen is a stylus with a light sensitive tip that is used to draw directly on a computers video screen or to select information on the screen by pressing a clip in the light pen or by pressing the light pen against the surface of the screen.,翻译,:,光笔是具有光敏端头的输入笔,用来在计算机屏幕上直接写画,或者通过按光笔上的夹子或用光笔接触屏幕来在屏幕上选择信息,.,4.mouse n.,鼠标,A mouse is a pointing device designed to be gripped by one hand.It has a detection device on the bottom that enables the user to control the motion of an on-screen,pointer,or,cursor,by moving the mouse on a flat surface.,翻译,:,鼠标是为一只手抓握而设计的指示设备,.,它在底部有一个检测,装置,使用户通过在一个平面上移动鼠标能够控制屏幕上指针或光标,的运动,.,5.joystick n.,操纵杆,游戏杆,A joystick is a pointing device composed of a lever that moves in multiple directions to navigate a cursor or other graphical object on a computer screen.,翻译,:,操纵杆是由一根杆子组成的指示设备,该杆以向多个方向移动来,操纵计算机屏幕上的光标或者其他图形对象,.,6.,keyboard n.,键盘,A keyboard is a typewriter-like device that allows the user to type in text and commands to the computer.,翻译,:,键盘是一个打字机的设备,它使用户得以向计算机键入文本和,命令,.,1),数字小键盘,2),标点符号键,3),数字键,4),方向键,5),功能键,6),字母键,7),空格键,numeric keypad,punctuation key,numeric key,arrow key,function key,letter/character key,spacebar,7.scanner n.,扫描仪,flatbed scanner,平板扫描仪,hand-held scanner,手动扫描仪,8.photocopier,复印机,10.modem n.,调制解调器,A modem,which stands for modulator-demodulator,is a device that connects a computer to a telephone line and allows information to be transmitted to or received from another computer.,翻译,:,调制解调器代表调制器和解调器，是将计算机与电话线连接、,允许信息传给或接自另一台计算机的设备。,9.microphone,麦克风,11.display.n.,显示器,cathode ray,tube(CRT,),阴极射线管显示器,liquid crystal,display(LCD,),液晶显示器,12.printer,打印机,1,）字符打印机,2,）针式打印机,3,）击打式打印机,4,）点阵打印机,5,）喷墨打印机,6,）激光打印机,character printer,stylus printer,impact printer,dot matrix printer,ink jet printer,laser printer,13.bus n.,总线,address bus,地址总线,data bus,数据总线,Universal Serial Bus(USB),通用串行总线,二,technical terms,1,、,information retrieval,信息检索,2,、,voice recognition module,语音识别模块,3,、,touch-sensitive region,触感区，触摸区,4,、,parallel connection,并行连接,5,、,video game,电子游戏（港台亦称电玩）,6,、,audio signal,音频信号,7,、,operating system,操作系统,8,、,serial connection,串行连接,9,、,volatile memory,易失性存储器,10,、,disk drive,磁盘驱动器,11,、,BIOS(Basic Input Output System),基本输入输出系统,12,、,video display,视频显示器,13,、,PCI(Peripheral Component Interconnect),外部设备互连,三、,text,Introduction(reading p29-30),Input hardware,Output hardware,Storage,hardware(reading,p31-32),Hardware connections(reading p32-33),请翻译下列句子和段落,1.,A,computer comes with factory-installed permanent memory,called ROM.The basic operating instructions are stored in ROM,and are not erased when the computer is turned off.In the past,it,has been impossible to change the instructions stored in ROM,without changing the ROM modules,or the system board in the,computer.The computer has a module,called the flash EEPROM,(electrically erasable programmable read only memory),that can,be updated.The BIOS(basic input/output system)instructions and,the Configuration Utility program are stored in the flash EPROM,in your computer.,翻译：计算机带有厂家安装的、被称为,ROM,的永久性内存。基本操作指令存储在,ROM,中，关闭计算机也不会被删除。在过去，不换,ROM,模块或不换系统板就不能改变存储在,ROM,中的指令。计算机有一个可以升级的模块，叫做快速,EEPROM,（可电擦除可编程只读存储器）。,BIOS,（基本输入,/,输出系统）指令和配置应用程序都存储在计算机的快速,EEPROM,中。,2.You can use your keyboard for many purposes:,Typing information,Entering numbers with the numeric keypad,Requesting specific functions,performing system functions with key combinations,Moving around the computer screen,The keyboard has letter keys,punctuation keys,and a,spacebar.It also has function,numeric,and arrow keys.,How you use the keys depends on the software installed,on your computer.,翻译：使用键盘可以进行如下工作：,输入信息,用数字小键盘输入数字,请求特殊功能,用键组合执行特殊功能,在屏幕上移动,键盘有字母键、标点符号键和一个空格键。它还有功能键、数字键,和箭头键。如何使用这些键，取决于计算机上所安装的软件。,3.The four basic types of data recognized by C are integer,floating point,double precision,and character.Compilers assign different amounts of memory to store each of these types of data.Every variable in a C program must be declared as the type of value it can store,and a variable can only be used after it is declared,Additionally,variables of the same type may be declared using a single declaration statement.Variable declaration statements have the general syntax:,data Type variable name(s);,翻译：,C,能识别的四种基本的数据类型是：整型、浮点型、双精度型和字符型。编译器分配不同的存储容量来存储每一种数据类型。,C,程序中的每一个变量必须申明为,C,能存储的数据类型，并且变量仅在申明之后才可以使用。另外，相同类型的变量可以使用一条申明语句。变量申明语句的句法是：数据类型 变量名；,7),如果两个调制解调器可同时互相发送数据，那么它们采用的就是全双工工作方式；如果一次只有一个调制解调器可以发送数据，那么它们采用的则是半双工工作方式。,1),调制解调器是在模拟和数字信号之间进行转换的设备。,2),计算机使用的是数字信号，这种信号由离散单元组成，通常用一系列,1,和,0,表示。,P35,翻译,3),模拟信号是连续变化的；声波就是模拟信号的一个例子。,4),调制解调器经常用于实现计算机之间通过电话线的互相通信。,5),调制解调器将发送端计算机的数字信号转换成可通过电话线传输的模拟信号。,6),信号到达目的地后，另外一个调制解调器重构原来的数字信号，供接收端计算机处理。,计算机英语专业词汇的构成,一、派生词,(derivation),1,前缀,采用前缀构成的单词在计算机专业英语中占了很大比例，通过下面的实例可以了解这些常用的前